Who completes it: Plaid's OAuth guide and its help article on OAuth registration list the questionnaire as a requirement for US and Canadian integrations that want OAuth institutions. Apps on the Trial plan do not need it until they move to a paid plan. Reseller partners must submit one before they can create end customers.
When it unlocks: Plaid's help article on upgrading from the Trial plan says the questionnaire step stays greyed out until your Production application is approved. The OAuth guide says the review may take some time and recommends submitting as early as possible in the integration.
Who reviews it: the Plaid Risk team reviews the answers and contacts you if it has follow-up questions. If the rest of your integration is ready and the questionnaire is still not approved, Plaid tells you to contact your account manager or support.
The closest public statement of what Plaid expects is the security section of its Developer Policy, summarised in the next section.
Read Plaid's OAuth guide